Evaluación de la utilización de tres sustratos (guihse, bagazo de uva y nopal) hidrolizados mediante fermentación en medio solido para su inclusión en dietas para rumiantes

Abstract

"The implications of any livestock exploitation system should be part of a plan that seeks to improve all of its areas. Food is one of the most important, it is based on the entire production structure. Adequate nutrition leads to weight gain, improves fertility, and lowers the incidence of diseases. The use of fodder and grains of quality is an important part of all this, in recent years the prices of each of the inputs have been increasing, lowering the profitability of farms. Therefore, in the present investigation, three substrates were used (guishe, grape bagasse and nopal) that were subjected to a fermentation in solid medium to be used in diets for ruminants. The work is divided into: stage 1. Isolation and characterization of filamentous fungi isolated from the semi-desert of Coahuila. Stage 2. Physical-chemical characterization of the raw material. Stage 3. Production of the cellulase enzyme by FMS. Stage 4. Quantification of the enzyme produced by FMS. Step 5. Optimization of cellulase enzyme production by FMS in at least one substrate. Stage 6. Chemical characterization of the degraded material obtained from the FMS. Stage 7. In vitro digestibility of substrates used in the FMS. The results obtained show that 7 types of microorganisms were isolated. Of which M4 and M5, showed a higher growth rate in PDA and on the substrate as a carbon source. M4 0.1067 cm / h and M5 0.0998 cm / h. selecting M4 for inoculation in FMS. Raw fiber analysis shows 36% for guishe and 19.73% for grape bagasse. An activity of water (Aw) of 0.530, 0.547 and 0.553 for guishe, bagasse of grape and nopal respectively. for the statistical analysis we used a Taguchi L9 4-factor design with 3 levels. To optimize the best conditions to produce the cellulase enzyme, the endo-glucanase and exo-glucanase activity was quantified for each substrate and the experimental data were also subjected to the Luederking and Piret model. In guishe the µMax 0.0145 cm / h and the product formation 1034.7529 U. and the biomass production 0.0095 g / h. in the grape bagasse the highest product formation was 836.8022 U and the biomass formation of 0.0108 g / h. in the optimization of the best conditions the following was obtained: for the exoglucanase activity in guishe, air of 0.8 L / min, sieve 0.5 cm, C: N 24 g / L, packing of 80 g / L. for the endoglucanase activity in air guishe 0.4 sieve of 5cm, C: N 16 g / L, and packing of 60 g / L. on the other hand the grape

bagasse in the exoglucanase activity, air of 0.8 L / min, sieve of 0.5 cm, C: N of 24 g / L, and packing of 80 gr. In both cases, aeration, which helps to regulate temperature increases caused by the metabolism of microorganisms and the C: N ratio that is directly related to the availability of nutrients, shows a high percentage of contribution during fermentation. the presence of fiber in the substrates after 24 hours is 26.08% and at 96 hours it is 43.83% in grape bagasse. 46.19% and 60.79% at 24 and 96 hours respectively in Guishe. This is due to the degree of lignification which coincides with the invitro digestibility carried out, showing 33% for guishe and 83% for grape bagasse due to its soluble carbohydrates. The FMS is an alternative to take advantage of agroindustrial waste such as guishe and grape bagasse. Through the FMS can be obtained cellulases of great utility at industrial level. The production of cellulase can be carried out feasibly in bagasse of grapes and stews that by means of mathematical models and optimization can be established parameters that help to make efficient the use of these types of substrates in the feed of ruminants."